We may take piperidine and coniine as examples of the methods followed
in alkaloidal synthesis; these are pyridine bases. Pyridine has the
formula C_{5}H_{5}N, that is, it is benzene with CH replaced by N. The
relationship between these and piperidine is seen in the following
formulae:
CH N NH
/ \ / \ / \
HC CH HC CH H_{2}C CH_{2}
| | | | | |
HC CH HC CH H_{2}C CH_{2}
\ / \ / \ /
CH CH CH_{2}
(Benzene,) (Pyridine,) (Piperidine,)
(C_{6}H_{6}) (C_{5}H_{5}N) (C_{5}H_{11}N)
If we introduce six hydrogen atoms into pyridine, we convert it into
piperidine. Ladenburg succeeded in so hydrogenizing pyridine by acting
upon an alcoholic solution with sodium, and from the base which was
formed he obtained a platinochloride which agreed with the similar
double salt of piperidine. He has also prepared it from trimethyline
cyanide by the action of sodium. Pentamethylinediamine is the
principal intermediary product, and this gives piperidine when
distilled with superheated steam. He has proved that the alkaloid so
obtained is identical with that prepared from piperine.
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