The pipe was laid on the surface of the ground, its only
protection being in places a couple of 11/2-inch planks tacked together, and
placed over it; the range of temperature was from 10 degrees to 107
degrees Fahr. (in the shade). It was inspected by the foreman of the
tunnel-work as he daily walked over the line; besides the occasional
driving of a few wedges and putting on a band or two, it gave no trouble
from leakage, which probably for its entire length did not amount to more
than an average of 3 or 4 cubic feet a minute; from time to time, a little
sawdust was put into the pen-stock. Three stop-gates were placed on the
main, and a separate stop-gate at each shaft, operated by a fine-threaded
screw, so that the water could be cut off when desired.
[Illustration: FIG. 13.]
Fig. 13 shows the arrangement of the machinery for hoisting and pumping,
which was identical at the several shafts, except that the hurdy-gurdies
varied from 161/2 feet in diameter at the upper shaft to 21 feet at the
lowest shaft. The water-wheel moved only in one direction; the pinion on
the wheel-shaft drove the spur-wheel, to which the pitman of the pump-bob
was attached. On the spur-wheel shaft was a friction-gear, driving the
hoisting-reel; this reel was mounted on sliding blocks, so that hoisting
was done by putting it in gear, the empty load being dropped by a
friction-band.
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